Scientists examined brain MRI scans of astronauts and found microgravity causes upward and backward brain shifts, which gradually take months to recover after returning to Earth.

Going to space is harsh on the human body, and as a new study from our research team finds, the brain shifts upward and backward and deforms inside the skull after spaceflight.

Rachael Seidler receives funding from NASA. Tianyi Wang received funding from NASA. The extent of these changes was greater for those who spent longer in space. As NASA plans longer space missions, ...