Plasma chemistry and etching processes form the backbone of modern semiconductor fabrication, enabling the precise patterning and removal of material layers essential to device performance. By ...

Nonthermal and thermal plasmas are used in the industrial, engineering, medical, and research industries. Plasma composition is an important parameter in any plasma process. Using optical emission ...

Plasma, the fourth state of matter, is created by applying electrical energy to a gas, causing ion formation. When an energy source, such as electrical energy or radio waves, transfers energy to gas ...

“Plasma” refers to a gas with a significant proportion of ionized molecules, which produce various excited ions, atoms, and molecules. Electrons liberated from ions and atoms are highly energetic and ...

Japan’s Sumitomo Heavy Industries (SHI) has reportedly developed a new method to make a critical layer inside perovskite solar cells. The company claims this process enables low-temperature mass ...