Lyotropic liquid crystals exhibit a remarkable range of phases driven by the concentration and temperature of their components, with the biaxial nematic phase representing an especially intriguing ...
A hexagonal columnar liquid crystal phase was formed by pairing a porphyrin Au III cation and a pentacyanocyclopentadienide (PCCp⁻) anion in water, stabilized by triethylene glycol (TEG) chains.