Differential equations are equations that contain derivatives. The equations are used in calculus to describe relationships among one or more variables. A solution to any series of equations can be ...
Fuzzy differential equations (FDEs) extend classical differential equations by incorporating uncertainty through fuzzy numbers. This mathematical framework is particularly valuable for modelling ...
Delay differential equations (DDEs) extend the classical framework of differential equations by incorporating terms that depend on past states, thus capturing the intrinsic time delays found in many ...
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