Dystonia is a neurological disorder causing involuntary muscle contractions and abnormal postures. Botulinum toxin (e.g., Botox) is the gold-standard, first-line treatment for focal dystonias, which ...

When we think of movement disorders, the tremors associated with Parkinson’s disease are probably what first spring to mind. However, there are other equally debilitating and much less well-known ...

What Are the Causes of Abnormal Head Posture? Abnormal head posture commonly occurs due to neck muscle problems, but the condition has eye-related or ocular causes too. Certain eye conditions can ...

Though rare, cerebral palsy can sometimes cause hypotonic symptoms, or chronic muscle weakness. Treatments such as physical therapy or surgery can help improve mobility. Cerebral palsy is a physical ...

PAF causes strong contractions—especially in the muscles of the esophagus and the stomach’s upper region (called the gastric fundus). In other parts of the intestine, such as the small intestine and ...